But this all took time. Died: Saturday 17 March 1917 (aged 22) Connected records. He was on board HMS Pembroke between September and November 1943 again … Waterloo County Soldier Information Cards - World War II Last Name First Name Rank Regiment/Battalion Residence [R] or Hometown [H] A Ableson Albert Private H.Q. He was aged 25 and one of 14 crew reported missing, believed dead. In the battle around the fast UK to New York convoy ON-113 at the end of July two ships were lost, but St. Croix sank U-90. Javelin participated in the Operation Ironclad assault on Madagascar in May 1942. Died 1st February 1943. Besides the Channel-clearing effort, the RCN committed four support groups to this campaign. (Library and Archives Canada photo PA-056818). Worse followed that winter. The RCN had been driven to the brink of collapse in 1942, in the face of enormous enemy pressure. DETECTOR: Submarine Detector Instructor. P/KX 122259), HMS Eagle, Royal Navy, †11/08/1942, Son of Thomas Connor Pounder and Elizebeth Pounder; husband of Lilian Pounder, of Pelton, Co. Durham German radio gloated over the victory, describing Canada’s escort fleet as third rate. 28. Map showing the major theatres of operation for the RCN during the Battle of the Atlantic. A boarding party from the corvette Chilliwack comes alongside U-744, March 6, 1944. Among these winter victories was U-744, pursued by C-2 for 32 hours on March 5-6, the second longest hunt of the war. To receive the Distinguished Service Medal. Indeed, a huge proportion of the 25,000 ships brought safely across the Atlantic during the war moved under Canadian escort. Initial research shows that Stoker 1st Class Smith Martin was born in Sheffield on 26th June 1896 and was the son of George and Martha Martin. Chief [Engine Room, Electrical, Aircraft and Ordnance] Artificer. Indeed, it was. "A" … Stoker 1st Class K/24581 Royal Navy HM Submarine L.55 22 Bradwell WW1 04/06/1919 Frederick Charles AMIS Private G/34042 Royal Sussex Regt. Coal fired boilers required a constant feed to keep temperatures high enough for the production of steam, and of course you can’t pump coal in the same way as oil! In the battle for ON-115 a week later, C-3 fought the “wolf pack” to a stalemate for most of the passage. WORLD WAR II 1950 Mid-1950s 1960 - 1968 1960 - 1968 (RCNR) 1968 - late ... Stoker 1st class. The U-boats therefore achieved some success off Canada in 1944, torpedoing the frigate Magog in the St. Lawrence River and the corvette Shawinigan off Port aux Basques in the fall of 1944. He is buried in Malta Naval … Age. Over the winter of 1943–44, much of the support group effort around transatlantic convoys fell to the Canadians, including EG-6, EG-9, and C-2. In early December the government appealed to the British for the loan of at least 12 escort destroyers. Asdic is now known as sonar. Even British staff officers concluded afterward, “Sackville’s two [sic, actually three] U-boats would have been a gift if it had been fitted with RDF [radar] type 271.”3. What followed was the U-boats’ first “Happy Time,” when they roamed the Atlantic with impunity, overwhelming the tiny escorts of transatlantic convoys and creating a generation of U-boat aces. Radar set on HMCS Camrose (K154), December 1941. George Morgan was promoted to ‘Stoker 1st Class’ in rank. Eventually Assiniboine rammed the U-boat, sending it to the bottom and the destroyer into port for months of repairs. 70 years ago come Saturday, 15th August 1945, Emperor Hirohito informs his people that Japan has surrendered. Moreover, the decision was made late in the shipping season and other ports could handle the traffic. The RCN destroyed 33 enemy submarines during the war: three Italian and the rest German. In many instances the escorts were right on top of U-boats and watched them submerge. This active “pinging” acoustic locating device allowed warships to attack submerged targets effectively. Show more. 210422. He was awarded the France’s legion of honour medal for helping liberate the country. SUBMARINE. Its captain was no ordinary submariner, and attacks during the day achieved nothing. Star above - Stoker 1st class 25. Military rank structures and trade designations can be difficult to understand for the un-initiated amongst us. As a result, EG-5’s first foray off northwest Spain nearly ended in catastrophe, when the Germans employed their new glider-bombs to attack the ships, including the new RCN Tribal-class destroyer Athabaskan. U-132 discovered this on the bright moonlit summer night of the 6 – 7 of July, not far from Rimouski, when it sank three ships from the Quebec-Sidney convoy QS-15.The escorting Bangor-class Drummondville caught U-132 on the surface and tried to ram it; however, the U-boat crash-dived successfully. Under pressure to crush the U-boat fleet before the war ended or Germany could deploy the radically new type- XXI and XXIII subs in large numbers, the British increasingly put their better-equipped groups in the hot spots. At the time it was believed it killed one and seriously damaged another. Bliss was right. 3 As quoted in Marc Milner, North Atlantic Run: The Royal Canadian Navy and the Battle for the Convoys (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985), 140. Halifax – The Spring Board by John Horton, in which the flurry of dockyard activity during the Second World War is clearly evident. In September, U-517 and U-165 moved into the St. Lawrence River and let the convoys come to them. For reference, the actual ranks of ratings (crewmen who are not officers) in the Royal Navy are: On to the Royal Navy trades, and three of the more common and unusual ones you will find in the Forces War Records database. Stoker 1st Class Stewart Potts (D/SKX942) served in the Royal Navy during World War Two. Engine Room and Electrical Artificers (rated 1st through 4th class) also ranked as chief petty officers, and wore Class I uniform without specialty badges as well, but with plain cuffs. The RCN achieved a pinnacle of sorts in October, when the frigate Annan of EG-6 sank U-1006 north of the Shetlands. First World War casualty details for Stoker 1st Class Albert Edward Thompson Royal Navy, HM S/M. On September 20, 1943, while part of Escort Group 9, HMCS St. Croix would be sunk by a torpedo from U-305. Get the latest from our blog in your favourite RSS reader or direct to your browser by using our RSS feed below: This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google The British solution was to get the RCN out of the embattled mid-ocean. U-806 sank the minesweeper Clayoquot just off Halifax on Christmas Eve, and then, in early January, U-1232 began a successful cruise off Nova Scotia. (DND photo H-96), SS Athenia arrives in Montreal, circa 1932. 100, 100A and 100B. By then the carnage in the mid-ocean had ended and the Germans had temporarily abandoned pack attacks. In 1942 the only Canadian ship fitted with HF/DF was Restigouche. In theory, the British made up for the shortfall of destroyers in Canadian groups. Prentice, Commanding Officer, on the bridge of the corvette HMCS Chambly (K116) at sea, May 24, 1941. Convoys and airpower had reduced the effectiveness of the submarine in 1917–18, but the optimism of naval officers about the submarine problem was fired by the perfection of “asdic” (now called sonar). Had the rump of C-3 been fitted with modern radar they could have turned the poor visibility to advantage. With the decline of coal fired ships, stokers’ duties shifted towards the field of engineering, so that they could be responsible for anything from the propulsion systems to hydraulics, electrical and firefighting systems. 29123 - 9 APRIL 1915 . SC-107 pointed to the Canadians as the weak link in the mid-ocean. It was a devastating blow to Canadian prestige and morale. These problems were manifest in all the operations of the NEF, especially in the battle for SC-42 in September 1941.The slow eastbound convoy was escorted by the destroyer HMCS Skeena and three corvettes, with support from now-Commander Prentice’s training group, Chambly and Moose Jaw. When the U-boat packs returned to the mid-ocean briefly in May, to see what was going on, they easily found Canadian escorted convoys but did not find them easy targets. By the time EG-9 arrived on September 20, a full battle was underway. Once HX-1 was well out to sea, larger vessels arrived to shield it from surface raiders — a threat which lingered well into 1941.The primary function of the convoy system was safe and timely arrival of the ships, and the object of its passage was avoidance of the enemy. For three hours, C-2 boiled the ocean with barrages of depth charges, shattering machinery in U-744 and causing its pressure hull to leak, but the intrepid submariners refused to quit. When the ship went into action, they could also be utilised with damage control parties for instance, passing vital information to combat floods and fires. If this was done early and well enough, destroyer sweeps might help the convoy escape entirely. In the end, only one daring submariner slipped into the convoy, sinking one ship. Stoker 1st Class Charles Higgs Stoker First Class Charles Higgs, K/7429, was lost when the armed boarding steamer HMS Fauvette hit two mines laid by a German submarine and sank in the Thames estuary, off North Foreland, Kent, on March 9th, 1916. Harris commenced training at HMS DRAKE in late 1945, after … Circumstances of Death. Stoker 1st Class James Henry Allen . In the early hours of August 27, in the northern gulf, U-517 sank the American troopship Chatham (only 13 of the 562 passengers and crew were lost), while U-165 attacked the main body of the convoy sinking one ship and leaving another foundering to be sunk by U-517. Convoys were instituted immediately, and the first to sail from Halifax, HX-1, left with an escort of HMC Ships Saguenay and St. Laurent on September 16. In the fall of 1942, they used that new warning device to help them home-in on Canadian escorts using their SW1C sets. POUNDER, WALTER CONNOR (35), Stoker 1st Class (no. The RCN was aware of the need for action, too. {waa} Leading Stoker 29. For enquiries, contact us. Canadians congratulated the escort of ONS-127 for a difficult job well done, blaming the losses directly on the lack of modern radar. PORTSMOUTH NAVAL MEMORIAL WW2 NAME ALSO ON THESE MEMORIALS DATE NUMBER RANK ADDITIONAL INFO ABBEY JM 1942 ABLE SEAMAN ABBOT … Perhaps for that reason, problems in the navy’s other major effort, in the mid-ocean, remained a secret for 40 years. Percy James PHILLIPPO Private 33129 Essex Regt. View of convoy from HMCS St. Croix (I81), March 1941. We have listed the main sources but there may be others. Sadly, subsequent historians of the Atlantic war failed to notice. Royal Navy Died Tuesday 4th February 1919 Age 32 County Memorial Chester Commemorated\Buried Portsmouth Naval Memorial Grave\Panel Ref: 32. The sad news was received with great regret. In the late summer of 1940, the U-boats, operating from new bases in France, began to employ “pack attacks” on Allied convoys on the high seas. In the end, 16 merchant ships were lost from SC-42. But the RN destroyers assigned were often mechanically unreliable and in the fall of 1942, Canadian mid-ocean groups frequently sailed with only one destroyer. WW1 Medical Military Records Available Online - Search Now! Apart from atrocious weather and water conditions, the bottom off Halifax was so boulder strewn that asdic echoes bounced in all directions and ships often unwittingly tracked themselves. Fisher was the sole survivor of HMCS St.Croix, the Canadian destroyer sunk September 20, 1943 in the North Atlantic. Son of James and the late Elizabeth Leary of Castle (Hill) Street, Wexford. Please select all that apply: A link, button or … Our experts are more than happy to help you with the missing piece of your jigsaw puzzle. The HMS Trinidad was to be involved in the ‘Russian Convoys’; operations which were to supply Murmansk in Northern Russia with the necessary military equipment to preserve the Eastern … The service particulars in pieces 9-82, from service number 42922, are continued in eight … This included complete minesweeping equipment, a single magnetic compass and the most basic of asdic, the type 123A. Flying Officer Royal Canadian Air Force Hespeler [R] Ball Robert G. Sergeant Bombardier Royal Canadian Air Force Preston [H] Ballantyne Archie M. Private 1st Battalion, Highland All that Itchen ever found of the corvette was wreckage and a single man clinging to it: Polyanthus, too, had been completely destroyed by a single homing torpedo. Boy 1st Class Seaman Cook Musician Signalman Stoker 2nd and 3rd Class Telegraphist: Private Bandsman Craftsman Driver Gunner Pioneer Sapper Signaller Trooper: Aircraftman/woman: Able Seaman Steward Stoker 1st Class Writer Leading Aircraftman/woman: Non-commissioned officers RAN. Herbert "Bert" Turner . {waa} Stoker 30. As a result, the Newfoundland Escort Force (NEF) was born and with it the commencement of the RCN’s war on U-boats. Meanwhile, the final German pack assault on the transatlantic convoys fizzled out, hounded and beaten by Allied naval and air power — and watched again from the sidelines by the RCN. They perfected systems for classifying bottomed contacts, including profiling them using their navigational echo sounder. The burden of this new role fell on the RCN’s corvettes, those jacks-of-all-trades built for local work. 24. If Canadian ships could no longer sink U-boats, they must at least protect shipping. Canada was spared much of this calamity because of the rapid introduction of convoys along the East Coast, such that the RCN even ran oil tanker convoys to South America through the carnage without loss. American unpreparedness for the onslaught left Allied shipping unguarded, and tonnage losses spiked to three times the previous yearly average. It comes from the days when they used to "stoke" the boilers with coal from a coal bunker. In reaction, the RCN increased the size of escort groups, and scrambled to acquire new equipment like radiotelephones and radar. You will receive an email when it gets approved. Then suddenly U-744 bobbed to the surface near Chilliwack. The landings in North Africa on November 8 resulted in the suspension of the eastern Atlantic convoys, making the mid-ocean the only way in or out of Britain. However, what was wanted from 1941 to 1943 was less the ability to sink U-boats than skill at defending convoys, and equipment shortages made this task especially difficult. By the time EG-5 (Escort Group-5), the first RCN support group, got into the Biscay to help the air force, the battle had escalated to include surface vessels and heavy reinforcement from the German air force. Terms of Service apply. However, events at sea undermined the Canadian case. Date of Death. These groups faced a “new” challenge: inshore ASW in tidal waters that were often mined, and invariably strewn with shipwrecks, while under constant threat of attack by the enemy. Stoker 1st Class Francis Albert Anstis DKX/122179 This is the story of Frank Anstis Naval service during WW2. The war against the U-boats from 1939 to 1945 was the formative experience for the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) in the twentieth century. Escort groups were often ad hoc, leadership was inconsistent, and group training non-existent — because no permanent group training establishment existed. The root cause of both was the lingering problem of outdated equipment, but this was exacerbated by the over-commitment of the RCN to operations in support of its allies. The armed yacht HMCS Raccoon (S14) on patrol, April 1941. This meant that Canadian escorted convoys — roughly 35 percent of the traffic — were more easily intercepted, more easily attacked, and spent longer in the danger area. You will not receive a reply. Simply upload your image via this link (Photo Expert) and tell us what it is you want to know. World War 2 Two II WW2 WWII. In this tutorial we’ll isolate some of the more obscure trades and explain what they do and how you may find them listed in our records. On completion of training he sailed for Britain via the United States. Vice-Admiral Percy Nelles, Chief of the Naval Staff, arrives at Naval Service Headquarters in Ottawa. Or do you need help with your original photographs? Weyburn stumbled onto U-517 as it took aim at the Donald Stewart, driving the sub underwater just as the torpedoes were fired. Regiment. A depth charge is fired from the corvette HMCS Pictou (K146). Because the emphasis of this page is on rank and rating distinctions, the uniform trousers and s… Chief Petty Officer Bernard Henry Ellis, No. But none was sunk. Under operational conditions submarines proved remarkably difficult to locate and destroy, but what really confounded the Allies was the adoption of new tactics by Germany’s U-boats. She understood that he died from oil that was in his lungs on 14.8.1941. Cemetery: … Murray, Flag Officer Newfoundland, greets the crew of the destroyer Assiniboine at St. John’s after their sinking of U-210 on August 6, 1942; the ship’s captain, Lieutenant- Commander John Stubbs (right), would be lost with his next ship, Athabaskan. Stoker 1st Class Alexander Cuthbertson Brown Royal Navy, HMS Paragon. Star above - Engineering Mechanic 1st class 27. Letters 'FF' below - Stoker Firefighter 28. C-2 was operating in support of HX-280 when Gatineau picked-up U-744 on asdic at a great depth. By November the Allies were also operating in the Atlantic without the benefit of Ultra intelligence. A stricken tanker ablaze and sinking after a U-boat attack. Kildorrey. The RCN killed one more U-boat in the summer of 1942 (but it was not credited until 1982), when Morden sank U-756 in the battle for SC-97 on September 1. (d.6 Dec 1918) James Allen served in H.M.S. D. Wilson : Aircraftman 1st Class 628821 Douglas Wilson . Writers were primarily clerical, being responsible for legal, pay, welfare and career issues for a crew. However, it did make Allied victory in 1945 possible. "Penarth." Obscure warnings about “fairly drastic” measures to sort out the mid-ocean reached Ottawa in early December. Enthusiasm for attacking and sinking U-boats were the hallmarks of Prentice’s training schemes throughout the war, and it may account for the success of Canadian corvettes in destroying U-boats. It was during these operations that HMCS Ottawa shared in the destruction of the Italian submarine Faa’ di Bruno on November 6 — the first time the RCN destroyed an enemy at sea. Despite intense air support and the sinking of one of the attackers, 10 U-boats remained in contact with ONS-18/ON-202 at dusk on September 22. FYI: Submarines were petrol- and diesel-powered whilst on the surface - and one class was driven by steam boilers - and whilst submerged all relied on batteries powering electric … RN officers found this particularly distasteful, although highly effective. The escort had much new equipment aboard, but the radars and HF/DF sets were not yet calibrated and the assigned British destroyer failed to show. Through the fall of 1941, NEF operations remained plagued by poor equipment, too few destroyers and escort group commanders, no training, and an operational cycle between Newfoundland and Iceland that was unbearable as winter set in. More ranks and badges: Canadian Forces ranks; Canadian Army ranks and badges; Royal Canadian Air Force ranks and badges; Report a problem or mistake on this page . The British corvette Dianthus helped even the score around SC-94 by ramming and sinking another sub. Unfortunately, none of the expertise displayed by the RCN inshore in British waters in 1944 transferred easily to Canadian waters. Commemorated on Chatham Naval Memorial, Kent. Moreover, convoy battles in July and August were not without success for the RCN. The most dramatic was Assiniboine’s memorable battle with U-210 in the fog around SC-94 in August after a wild hour-long running gun battle. Quite apart from Canadian shortcomings, the British were anxious about the mid-ocean by November for other reasons. In particular, the three centimetre radar of RN Captain-class frigates could detect the snorkel masts of U-boats. Register with your email address now, we can then send you an alert as soon as we add a record close matching the one you were searching for. In May he transferred to the Stoker Branch and completed appropriate training at the shore establishment HMNZS PHILOMEL. The Germans claimed a great victory in the battle for ONS-18/ON-202, but the truth was quite different: three escorts and six merchant vessels were lost, but so were two U-boats. Command Chief Petty Officer 1st class (CPO 1) Senior Appointment Chief Petty Officer 1st class (CPO 1) Appointments. and Auxiliaries’ from our Historic Archive. Stoker 1st Class Service Number: K/33651. When the British objected to the establishment of a special Canadian support group to operate there, the RCN had to fudge one. Date of death Thursday 6 July 1916 (aged 24) Some records are free to view but others are available on either a subscription or pay per Nonetheless, both the navy and the government took intense public criticism for their inability to keep the nation’s main artery open in the face of enemy attack. In May 1941, the British asked them to fill that gap in transatlantic anti-submarine escort of convoys. But in the “slot” between Father Point and Cap Gaspé the river confined their movements to an easily intercepted route. In contrast to the struggling Canadians, the British groups in the mid-ocean sank U- boats and put up effective radar barriers around their convoys. Both Skeena and the U-boat escaped unharmed. On January 4, it sank three ships near Egg Island, then attacked convoy BX-141 in the very entrance to Halifax harbour during a blizzard, sinking two ships and damaging a third. You’ll most commonly find artificers listed as engine room artificers in our records, sometimes abbreviated to ERA. Star above - Stoker Mechanic 26. Stoker 1st Class HMS Hecla (F 20) + Bennett, John Frank, SANF 23 Engine Room Artificer 4th Class HMS Hecla (F 20) + Bicknell, Alfred, RN 41 Stoker 1st Class HMS Hecla (F 20) + … Radar aerial (SW-1C and SW-2CQ) on foremast of HMCS Drumheller (K167), Halifax, November 1941. When Moose Jaw ran alongside the submarine, the U-boat’s captain blithely stepped from his conning tower to the corvette’s fo’c’sle. HMCS Orillia (K119) as seen from the deck of HMCS Chambly (K116) in the fog of the North Atlantic. An RCN success of sorts in this battle was the quick response to the homing torpedo. According to his service record during this time he served on various ships frequently returning to Pembroke II. Leary, … So learning a new form of ASW and sorting out the enemy from the background clutter became the story of the summer of 1944.The best at doing this was EG-11, which sank three U-boats, the best score of any group over the summer. Meanwhile, Skeena pursued a U-boat inside the convoy just as the convoy started an emergency turn. The asdic team on duty, HMCS Cobourg (K333). First Class Stoker Tom Bellis, son of Mr. and Mrs. Bellis, 13 Back Brook street, Chester, who as we reported last week, was killed by a mine explosion, on Feb. 4 th last, while serving on board a minesweeper. This was complicated by the unexpected tendency of U-boats to lie on the bottom when being hunted. Through most of 1942, with the U-boats attacking inshore, this was not a serious problem. No U-boats were sunk by the naval escort. The RCN participated modestly in this early phase. Although … They believed that the RCN had expanded too rapidly, taken on too many tasks, was poorly trained and badly led. The Admiralty Yard Craft Service was the civilian service which operated auxiliary vessels for the British Admiralty, mainly in HM Dockyards or the vicinity. View Life Story . By the spring of 1941, the British had pushed anti-submarine escort of transatlantic convoys to south of Iceland, leaving a gap between there and the limits of RCN escorts on the Grand Banks. Something had to be done. This section includes over 21.000 Allied Warships and over 11.000 Allied Commanders of WWII, from the US Navy, Royal Navy, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Australian Navy, The Polish Navy and others. Record: BROWN, ALEXANDER CUTHBERTSON Additional information: Son of Charles and Mary Brown, of 65, Russell St., Ayr. ‘Adamant’ 22 Ludham WW1 05/06/1918 Born 13/03/1896 at Gt. After 1945, the RCN became the best anti-submarine warfare (A/S or ASW as it is now known) navy in the world as part of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Your comment has been sent for approval. A three-bladed ship's propeller badge has had the following Royal Navy trade titles: Stoker (1890 - 1932); Stoker, 2nd Class (1890 - 1947); Stoker (1947 - 1955); Engineering Mechanic, 2nd Class (1955 - 1971); Marine Engineering Mechanic (1971 - 1979); Marine Engineering Mechanic, New Entrant (1979 - 1994). The entry of the United States into the war opened-up a vast new theatre for enemy operations, and by the end of January 1942, U-boats were probing the U.S. coast. Surface ship ASW operations in the area were subsequently abandoned. It could detect small targets on the sea at considerable ranges. Even Lieutenant-Commander P.M. Bliss, RN, recently arrived in Ottawa from St. John’s as the new staff officer, anti-submarine, rejected the British assertion, observing “that when C groups are brought up technically to B groups a very great increase in efficiency will result without reference whatever to training and experience.”4. Fortunately, all the escorts carried type 271 radar and by forming a tight barrier around the convoy they fought it through with only six ships lost. The area was vast by comparison, there were too few support groups in Canada, and the RCN struggled with complex inshore water conditions to the very end of the war. The Allied offensive over the summer consisted of air assaults in the Bay of Biscay, and by USN escort carriers off northwest Africa and south of the Azores. And in the Atlantic war against submarine adversaries, the RCN found its niche for the next 50 years. Talking of artificers leads us quite nicely to the role of stoker, a trade which underwent a great deal of change when the switch from coal to oil fired boilers took place in the Royal Navy’s surface fleet. It was not until November that the first U-boat kill fell to an RCN support group, when Snowberry of EG-5 sank U-536. And to make matters even worse, the Germans now had a radar detector to warn of first generation — metric wavelength — sets. We have listed the main sources but there was little in the mid-ocean reached Ottawa in early December ( and. As his home base left Allied shipping unguarded, and even telescopes to the! Than happy to help boost wartime resolve and morale the traffic lone perished. 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